.
National Economy
10 (1) The overarching aims of economic development shall be eradication of poverty, attainment of the Millennium Development Goals, guaranteeing the equitable distribution of wealth, redressing imbalances of income and achieving a decent standard of life for all citizens.
(2) The State shall develop and manage the national economy in order to achieve prosperity through policies aimed at increasing production, creating an efficient and self-reliant economy and encouraging free market and prohibition of monopoly.
(3) The State shall enhance regional economic integration.
Environment and Natural Resources
11 (1) The people of the Sudan shall have the right to a clean and diverse environment; the State and the citizens have the duty to preserve and promote the country’s biodiversity.
(2) The State shall not pursue any policy, or take or permit any action, which may adversely affect the existence of any species of animal or vegetative life, their natural or adopted habitat.
(3) The State shall promote, through legislation, sustainable utilization of natural resources and best practices with respect to their management.
Social Justice
12 (1) The State shall develop policies and strategies to ensure social justice among all people of the Sudan, through ensuring means of livelihood and opportunities of employment. The State shall also encourage mutual assistance, self-help, co-operation and charity.
(2) No qualified person shall be denied access to a profession or employment on the basis of disability; persons with special needs and the elderly shall have the right to participate in social, vocational, creative or recreational activities.
Education, Science, Art and Culture
13 (1) (a) The State shall promote education at all levels
all over the Sudan and shall ensure free and compulsory education at the primary level and in illiteracy eradication programmes.
(b) Every person or group of persons shall have the right to establish and maintain private schools and other educational institutions at all levels in accordance with the conditions and standards provided by law.
(2) The State shall mobilize public, private and popular resources and capabilities for education and development of scientific research, especially Research and Development.
(3) The State shall encourage and promote craft and arts and foster their patronization by government institutions and citizens.
(4) The State shall recognize the cultural diversity of the country and shall encourage such diverse cultures to harmoniously flourish and find expression, through the media and education.
(5) The State shall protect Sudan’s cultural heritage, monuments and places of national historic or religious importance, from destruction, desecration, unlawful removal or illegal export.
(6) The State shall guarantee academic freedom in institutions of higher education and shall protect the freedom of scientific research within the ethical parameters of research.
Children, Youth and Sports
14 (1) The State shall adopt policies and provide facilities for child and youth welfare and ensure that they develop morally and physically, and protect them from moral and physical abuse and abandonment.
(2) The State shall promote sports and empower the youth to develop their potentials.
(3) The State shall protect and support popular sports institutions and guarantee their independence.
Family, Women and Marriage
15 (1) The family is the natural and fundamental unit of the society and is entitled to the protection of the law; the right of man and woman to marry and to found a family shall be recognized, according to their respective family laws, and no marriage shall be entered into without the free and full consent of its parties.
(2) The State shall protect motherhood and women from injustice, promote gender equality and the role of women in family, and empower them in public life.
Morals and Public Integrity
16 (1) The State shall enact laws to protect the society from corruption delinquency and social evils and steer the society as a whole towards virtuous social values consistent with religions and cultures of the Sudan.
(2) The State shall enact laws and establish institutions to eliminate corruption, inhibit abuse of power and ensure integrity in public life.
Foreign Policy
17 Foreign policy of the Sudan shall serve the national interest and shall be conducted independently and transparently with the view to achieving the following:
(a) promotion of international cooperation, specially within the United Nations family and other international and regional organizations, for the purposes of consolidating universal peace, respect for international law, treaty obligations and fostering a just world economic order,
(b) achievement of African and Arab economic integration, each within the ongoing regional plans and fora as well as promoting African and Arab unity and Afro-Arab cooperation as foreseen in those plans,
(c) enhancement of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms in regional and international fora,
(d) promotion of dialogue among civilizations and establishment of international order based on justice and common human destiny,
(e) enhancement of economic cooperation among countries of the South,
(f) non-interference in the affairs of other States, promotion of good-neighbourliness and mutual cooperation with all neighbours and maintaining amicable and balanced relations with other countries,
(g) combating international and trans-national organized crime and terrorism.
Defence of the Country
18 Defence of the Country is an honour and a duty of every citizen; the State shall care for the combatants, the afflicted in war, the families of martyrs and those missing in action.
Public Health
19 The State shall promote public health and guarantee equal access and free primary health care to all citizens.
Fiscal Levies
20 (1) No taxes, fees, tariffs or other fiscal dues, shall be levied save by law.
(2) Zakat is a duty on Muslims; its collection, expenditure and administration shall be regulated in the Northern states by law.
National Reconciliation
21 The State shall initiate a comprehensive process of national reconciliation and healing that shall promote national harmony and peaceful co-existence among all Sudanese.
Saving
22 Unless this Constitution otherwise provides, or a duly enacted law guarantees the rights and liberties described in this Chapter, the provisions contained in this Chapter are not by themselves enforceable in a court of law; however, the principles expressed herein are basic to governance and the State is duty-bound to be guided by them, especially in making policies and laws. |
